Characterizing groupoid \(C^*\)-algebras of non-Hausdorff étale groupoids (Q2673447)

\textit{J. Feldman} and \textit{C. C. Moore} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 234, 325--359 (1977; Zbl 0369.22010)] were the first to use twisted measured equivalence relations to describe von Neumann algebras arising from a Cartan MASA. A decade later, \textit{A. Kumjian} [Can. J. Math. 38, 969--1008 (1986; Zbl 0627.46071)] defined the notions of C*-diagonals and twisted topological equivalence relations to classify C*-inclusions. The Kumjian theory requires the assumption of pure states of the subalgebra having a unique extension to pure states of the ambient C*-algebra, and does not apply to all C*-inclusions. This is resolved by \textit{J. Renault} [Ir. Math. Soc. Bull. 61, 29--63 (2008; Zbl 1175.46050)] using the notion of Cartan subalgebras. Renault replaced the measured equivalence relations of Feldman-Moore by certain twisted Hausdorff étale groupoids. For C*-inclusions with regularity condition as in Cartan subalgebras, but lacking other conditions (such as the existence of a conditional expectation), one may get a twisted groupoid which fails to be Hausdorff, as observed by \textit{D. R. Pitts} [J. Oper. Theory 78, No. 2, 357--416 (2017; Zbl 1424.46078); J. Funct. Anal. 281, No. 1, Article ID 108993, 66 p. (2021; Zbl 1473.46058)]. In this monograph, the authors give a groupoid model for \textit{weak Cartan inclusions} of C*-algebras and define the \textit{essential groupoid C*-algebra} of a not necessarily Hausdorff, topologically free, étale groupoid, equipped with a Fell line bundle, and provide a classification of such inclusions in the spirit of Renault-Kumjian. Their setup includes the regular MASA inclusions, as well as certain non MASA inclusions. The monograph has four chapters and one appendix. After the introductory chapter 1, the inclusions are described in Chapter 2, where topologically free inclusions and pseudo-expectations are introduced. Chapter 3 discusses non Hausdorff étale groupoids and gives the construction of corresponding essential C*-algebra. It also includes the (apparently different) Kwasniewski-Meyer's notion of essential C*-algebras for not necessarily topologically free groupoids [\textit{B. K. Kwaśniewski} and \textit{R. Meyer}, Doc. Math. 26, 271--335 (2021; Zbl 1472.46071)]. Chapter 4 is devoted to examples and open questions. The notion of isotropy projection is explained in the appendix. This is a nicely written monograph devoted to the new an important notion of non Hausdorff groupoids and their C*-algebras, and could be beneficial for researcheers in Operator Algebras and Mathematical Physics.