\(L\)-algebras, self-similarity, and \(l\)-groups (Q952544)

This is an important work. Łukasiewicz logic is algebraically represented by \textit{C. C. Chang}'s MV-algebras [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 88, 467--490 (1958; Zbl 0084.00704)]. \textit{D. Mundici} has shown that the category of MV-algebras is equivalent to that of lattice-ordered groups with a strong order unit [J. Algebra 98, 76--81 (1986; Zbl 0579.06016)]. \textit{A. Dvurečenskij} [J. Aust. Math. Soc. 72, No. 3, 427--445 (2002; Zbl 1027.06014)] and several other authors generalized Mundici's equivalence to the framework of arbitrary lattice-ordered groups and generalized MV-algebras. However, these papers deal with two types of logical implication. In the paper under review the author shows that one implication suffices, and that few concepts are well-suited to characterize generalized MV-algebras and other logical systems embeddable into lattice-ordered groups. In fact, the author introduces a fundamental concept, \(L\)-algebra, which unifies Heyting algebras, Hilbert algebras, locales, (one-sided) hoops, GMV-algebras, and lattice-ordered group cones. Especially, the characterization of lattice-ordered group cones in terms of \(L\)-algebras implies Mundici's equivalence and Dvurečenskij's non-commutative generalization. Furthermore, a relationship between \(L\)-algebras and solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation (QYBE) is exhibited [\textit{W. Rump}, Adv. Math. 193, No.~1, 40--55 (2005; Zbl 1074.81036)]. To any \(L\)-algebra, a structure group, closely related to the structure group of certain solutions of the QYBE in the sense of \textit{P. Etingof, T. Schedler} and \textit{A. Soloviev} [Duke Math. J. 100, No. 2, 169--209 (1999; Zbl 0969.81030)] is associated. To obtain the structure group, it is shown that every \(L\)-algebra \(X\) admits a self-similar closure \(S(X)\) which is always a left hoop. In particular, \(S(X)\) has a multiplication which satisfies the left Ore condition. The structure group of \(X\) thus arises as the quotient group of \(S(X)\). The reviewer strongly recommends this paper to the interested reader.