Radial maximal function characterizations of Hardy spaces on RD-spaces and their applications (Q2655159)

A triplet \((X,d,\mu)\) is said to be an \(RD\)-space if it is a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss and its measure \(\mu\) has the reverse doubling property. More precisely, \((X,d)\) is a metric space with a Borel measure \(\mu\) such that all balls defined by \(d\) have finite and positive measure, and there exists \(C_1\geq1\) satisfying \(\mu(B(x,\lambda r))\leq C_1\lambda^n\mu(B(x,r))\) \((x\in X,\lambda \geq1,r>0)\). And furthermore there exist \(C_2,C_3>1\) satisfying \(\mu(B(x,C_2r))\geq C_3\mu(B(x,r))\) \((x\in X, 0<r<\text{diam}(X))\). Equivalent formulations of \(RD\)-spaces are discussed by the authors [New Properties of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin Spaces on RD-Spaces, \url{arXiv:0903.4583}] and \textit{Y. Han, D. Müller} and \textit{D. Yang} [Abstr. Appl. Anal., Article ID 893409, 1--250 (2008; Zbl 1193.46018)]. In 1977, \textit{R. R. Coifman} and \textit{G. Weiss} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 83, 569--645 (1977; Zbl 0358.30023)] introduced the atomic Hardy spaces \(H_{at}^p(X)\) for \(0<p\leq1\). Under certain additional geometric conditions, they showed a radial maximal function characterization of \(H_{at}^1(X)\). They posed a question: Is it possible to characterize \(H_{at}^p(X)\) for \(0<p<1\) in terms of a radial maximal function? Here, a radial maximal function means a maximal function using one-parameter good functions. The authors answer the above question, i.e., for \(RD\)-spaces \((X,d,\mu)\), they characterize \(H_{at}^p(X)\) via their radial maximal function for \(n/(n+1)<p\leq1\), where \(n\) is the minimal number in the definition of an \(RD\)-space, and the range of the index \(p\) is the best possible. Their result improves \textit{A. Uchiyama}'s result, [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 262, 579--592 (1980; Zbl 0503.46020)], and \textit{L. Grafakos, L. Liu} and \textit{Y. Yang}, [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 137, No. 2, 225--251 (2009; Zbl 1205.42016)]. They also discuss a maximal function theory of localized Hardy spaces. As applications, they characterize the Hardy space \(H_{at}^p(M)\) via the radial maximal function generated by the heat kernel of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on complete non-compact connected manifolds \(M\) having doubling property and supporting a scaled Poincaré inequality for all \(p\in (n/(n+\alpha), 1]\), where \(\alpha\) is the regularity of the heat kernel. This extends some recent results of \textit{E. Russ} [Colloq. Math. 86, No. 1, 67--91 (2000; Zbl 0974.42018)], and \textit{P. Auscher, A. McIntosh} and \textit{E. Russ} [J. Geom. Anal. 18, No. 1, 192--248 (2008; Zbl 1217.42043)].