The cohomologies of the Iwasawa manifold and of its small deformations (Q363217)

On compact oriented Riemannian manifolds, Hodge theory allows us to compute cohomology solving systems of differential equations. We know that the de Rham complex admits a finite dimensional subcomplex for nilmnaifolds which are compact quotients of simply connected nilpotent Lie groups by co-compact discrete subgroups. This chain complex can be defined in Lie theoretic terms as a minimal model. Furthermore, the Dolbeault cohomology reduces to the cohomology of the corresponding finite dimensional complex of forms on the Lie algebra. Together with the Dolbeault cohomology, the Bott-Chern cohomology provides an important tool to study the geometry of complex manifolds. For a complex manifold \(X\) the Bott-Chern cohomology algebra of \(X\) is a bi-graded algebra defined by \[ {H_{BC}}^{*,*}(X) = \frac{\ker \partial \cap \ker\bar{\partial}} {\text{im\,} \partial \bar{\partial}}. \] It turns out that there is a Hodge theory also for the Bott-Chern cohomology and therefore, if \(X\) is compact, then the \(\mathbb C\)-vector space \({H_{BC}}^{*,*}(X)\) is finite dimensional; furthermore, if \(X\) is a compact Kähler manifold or, more generally, if \(X\) is in the Fujiki class, then the Dolbeault and Bott-Chern cohomologies coincide and they give a splitting for the de Rham cohomology algebra. In this paper, the author gives some tools to compute the Bott-Chern cohomology ring structure of some compact complex homogeneous manifolds. Let \(N=\Gamma \backslash G\) be a nilmanifold endowed with a \(G\)-left invariant complex structure \(J\), let \(\mathfrak{g}\) denote the Lie algebra associated with \(G\), and let \({\mathfrak{g}}_{\mathbb C} = \mathfrak{g} \otimes_{\mathbb R} \mathbb C\) denote its complexification. For any \(k\in \mathbb N\) and \(p,q \in \mathbb N\), let \({\wedge}^k N\) (respectively, \({\wedge}^k (N;\mathbb C)\), \({\wedge}^{p,q} N\)) denote the space of smooth global sections of the bundle of real \(k\)-forms (respectively, complex \(k\)-forms, \((p,q)\)-forms) on \(N\). For any \(p,q \in \mathbb N\), the \((p,q)\)-th Bott-Chern cohomology group \({H_{BC}}^{*,*}(N)\) of \(N\) is computed as the cohomology of the chain complex of these forms. The author proves the following result. Let \(N=\Gamma \backslash G\) be a nilmanifold endowed with a \(G\)-left invariant complex structure \(J\) and let \(\mathfrak{g}\) denote the Lie algebra associated with \(G\). Then for every \(p,q\in \mathbb N\), the injective homomorphism in the cohomology \[ i: \frac{\ker(d: {\wedge}^{p,q}{\mathfrak g}^*_{\mathbb C}\rightarrow {\wedge}^{p+q+1}{\mathfrak{g}}^*_{\mathbb C})}{\text{im} (\partial \bar{\partial}:{\wedge}^{p-1,q-1}{\mathfrak{g}}^*_{\mathbb C}\rightarrow {\wedge}^{p,q}{\mathfrak{g}}^*_{\mathbb C})} \rightarrow {H_{BC}}^{p,q}(N) \] is an isomorphism provided one of the following conditions holds: 1) \(N\) is holomorphically parallelizable; 2) \(J\) is an abelian complex structure; 3) \(J\) is a nilpotent complex structure; 4) \(J\) is a rational complex structure; 5) \(\mathfrak{g}\) admits a torus-bundle series compatible with \(J\) and with the rational structure induced by \(\Lambda\). Moreover, this property is open in the space of all \(G\)-left invariant complex structures on \(N\). Similar results are obtained for a certain class of solvmanifolds. Then the author uses these tools to explicitly calculate the Bott-Chern cohomology for a three-dimensional holomorphically parallelizable nilmanifold, the so-called Iwasawa manifold, and for its small deformations. This type of manifolds is not Kähler. Also the author shows that one can use the Bott-Chern cohomology to get a finer classification of small deformations of the Iwasawa manifold than using the Dolbeault cohomology.