Diffeomorphisms of a K3 surface (Q1078379)

Let X be a compact connected complex surface with trivial canonical bundle. Then the lattice \(L=im(H^ 2(X,{\mathbb{Z}})\to H^ 2(X,{\mathbb{R}}))\) is an even, unimodular, indefinite lattice. The automorphism group \(\Gamma\) of L may be written as a disjoint union \(\Gamma =\Gamma^{++}\cup \Gamma^{+-}\cup \Gamma^{-+}\cup \Gamma^{--}\) by taking intersections of \(\Gamma\) with the four components of the orthogonal group O(p,q). It is proved: Theorem A. Let X be a K3 surface (i.e. \(b_ 1(X)=0, c_ 1(X)=0)\). Then any element of the subgroup \(\Gamma^{++}\cup \Gamma^{+-}\) is induced by a diffeomorphism of X (which necessarily preserves the orientation.) Theorem B. Let \(X_ 0\) be a compact connected complex surface with trivial canonical bundle; let \(\Omega\) denote the ''period domain'' of \(X_ 0\) that means \(\Omega =\{x\in H^ 2(X_ 0,{\mathbb{C}})| <x,x>=0\) and \(<x,\bar x>>0\}/{\mathbb{C}}^*\). Then i) any element of \(\Omega\) may be represented by a nowhere vanishing holomorphic 2-form corresponding to a suitable complex structure on \(X_ 0\), ii) any two such representatives of a given element come from isomorphic complex structures.