Similarity preserving linear maps on matrices (Q1097324)

Let \({\mathcal A}\) be a space of matrices, Q(A) a quantity or property of matrices \(A\in {\mathcal A}\), and R(A,B) a relation between matrices A,B\(\in {\mathcal A}\). Several authors have discussed the problem to determine the structure of linear maps \(\Phi\) : \({\mathcal A}\to {\mathcal A}\) which preserve Q or R for certain \({\mathcal A}\), Q and R. In this paper the author determines the structure of \(\Phi\) wenn: i) \({\mathcal A}\) is the complex space \(M_ n(C)\) of all \(n\times n\) complex matrices and R is the similarity of matrices (Th. 1.1); ii) \({\mathcal A}\) is the real space \(H_ n(C)\) of all \(n\times n\) complex Hermitian matrices and R the unitary equivalence of matrices (Th. 2.1.). Moreover, for \({\mathcal A}=W_ n(C)\), the author proves: \(\Phi\) preserves majorization (submajorization) of matrices if and only if \(\Phi\) preserves unitary equivalence (and is positive, i.e. \(\Phi\) (A)\(\geq 0\) whenever \(A\geq 0)\) (Th. 3.1. and Th. 3.2.). for \(A,B\in W_ n(C)\), A is said to be submajorized (majorized) by B, if \(\sum_{i\leq k}\lambda_ i(A)\leq \sum_{i\leq k}\lambda_ i(B)\) for all \(k\leq n\) (and \(tr(A)=tr(B))\), where \(\lambda_ 1(A)\geq...\geq \lambda_ n(A)\) are the eigenvalues of A arranged in decreasing order, and tr(A) is the trace of A.