The Lagrange intersections for \(({\mathbb{C}}P^ n,{\mathbb{R}}P^ n)\) (Q923445)

Let L be a Lagrangian submanifold of a compact symplectic manifold (M,\(\omega\)). A Hamiltonian vector field defines a family of symplectic diffeomorphisms of (M,\(\omega\)). Let \(\phi\) be such a map. Then the conjecture of \textit{V. I. Arnold}, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 261, 3719-3722 (1965; Zbl 0134.423)] can be held to state that the number of intersections of L with its image \(\phi\) (L) is bounded below by \(cuplength(L)+1\) or by the sum of the Betti numbers of L if L and \(\phi\) (L) are transverse. This has been proven when \(\pi_ 2(M,L)=0\). The aim of this paper is to prove the conjecture when \(M={\mathbb{C}}{\mathbb{P}}^ n\) and \(L={\mathbb{R}}{\mathbb{P}}^ n\); namely, \(\#(L\cap \phi (L))\geq n+1.\) The authors reduce the problem to a boundary problem for a homogeneous Hamiltonian system on \({\mathbb{C}}^{n+1}\) a real subset which goes over into L. This system has an eigenvalue. Projection of the solutions under the Hopf fibration gives the points of intersection of L and \(\phi\) (L), points with eigenvalues differing by \(n\pi\), \(n\in {\mathbb{Z}}\), becoming identified. Finally each pair comprising an initial point and eigenvalue is shown to be a critical point of an associated variational problem, the initial point and eigenvalue being simply related and the eigenvalue being the critical value of the functional. A lower bound on the number of critical points with critical values in an interval of length \(\pi\) then gives the result.