Mad subalgebras of rings of differential operators on curves. (Q881962)

A maximal commutative subalgebra \(B\) in a complex associative algebra \(A\) is `mad' if for all \(b\in B\) and \(a\in A\) there exists a positive integer \(k\) such that \((\operatorname{ad}b)^ka=0\). Each mad subalgebra \(B\) has the form \(B=\mathbb{C}[x]\). Let \(\Gamma\) be the group of automorphisms of \(A\) consisting of conjugations by \(\exp p(x)\), \(p(x)\in\mathbb{C}[x]\). J. Dixmier has shown that there is a bijection between \(\Aut A/\Gamma\) and the set of mad subalgebras in \(A\). A framed curve is defined as a curve with a bijective regular map \(\mathbb{A}^1\to X\). Let \(D(X)\) be the ring of differential operators on \(X\). If \(B\) is a mad subalgebra in \(D(X)\) then its spectrum \(Y\) is a framed curve, too. There is a rank 1 torsion-free coherent sheaf \(L\) over \(Y\) and an isomorphism \(D_L(Y)\to D(X)\) mapping \(\mathcal O(Y)\) to \(B\). Moreover, there is a natural bijection \(C_n/\Gamma\to\text{Mad\,}D(X)/\Aut D(X)\), where \(C_n\) is the Calogero-Moser space. There are some other results of a similar nature.