Existence of periodic and non-periodic solutions to systems of boundary value problems for first-order differential inclusions with super-linear growth (Q2378939)

The paper deals with the first-order differential inclusion subject to the periodic conditions \[ x'(t)\in b(t)x(t)+F(t,x(t)),\quad t\in (0,1),\quad x(0)=x(1) \tag{1} \] and also with the first-order differential inclusion subject to the non-periodic conditions \[ x'(t)\in F(t,x(t)),\quad t\in (0,1), \quad Ax(0)+Bx(1)=0.\tag{2} \] Here, \(I=[0,1]\), \(F:I\times \mathbb{R}^n \to 2^{\mathbb{R}^n}\) is a Carathéodory multifunction, \(b: I\to \mathbb{R}\) is continuous and does not vanish on the whole interval \(I\). Further, \(A\), \(B\) are \(n\times n\) matrices with real elements such that \(\det(A+B)\not=0\), and either \(\det(A)\not=0\), \(\| A^{-1}B\| <1\), or \(\det(B)\not=0\), \(\| B^{-1}A\| <1\). The authors provide new sufficient conditions under which solutions of problem (1) or problem (2) exist. The results apply to differential inclusions that may have a right-hand side with a super-linear growth in its second variable and also apply to systems of first-order differential inclusions. The proofs are based on novel differential inequalities and the Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative. Some new results for ordinary differential equations with Carathéodory single-valued right-hand sides are also obtained.