Intersection theory on Shimura surfaces. II (Q625490)

The aim of the article under review is to relate intersections of special cycles on the integral model of a Shimura surface to Fourier coefficients of Hilbert modular forms. To be more precise, let \(F\subset \mathbb{R}\) be a real quadratic field and let \(B_0\) be a quaternion division algebra over \(\mathbb{Q}\) such that \(B_0\otimes_\mathbb{Q}\mathbb{R}\cong M_2(\mathbb{R})\) and that every prime divisor of \(\text{disc}(B_0)\) splits in \(F\). Then for a maximal order \(\mathcal{O}_{B_0}\) of \(B_0\) which is stable under the main involution \(b\mapsto b^\iota\), \(\mathcal{O}_B=\mathcal{O}_{B_0}\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}}\mathcal{O}_F\) provides a maximal order of \(B=B_0\otimes_{\mathbb{Q}}F\). The author considered two functors which classify abelian schemes of quaternionic multiplications by \(\mathcal{O}_{B_0}\) and \(\mathcal{O}_B\) respectively. These two moduli problems are representable by two projective, regular Deligne-Mumford stacks \(\mathcal{M}_0\) and \(\mathcal{M}\) of relative dimensions one and two over \(\text{Spec}(\mathbb{Z})\), whose complex fibers are well-known from the theory of Shimura varieties. Moreover, there is a canonical closed immersion \(\mathcal{M}_0\to \mathcal{M}\) given on moduli by base-change via \(\mathcal{O}_F/\mathbb{Z}\). This closed immersion induces a linear functional \[ \widehat{\text{deg}}_{\mathcal{M}_0}: \widehat{\text{CH}}^2(\mathcal{M})\to \mathbb{R} \] on the codimension two Gillet-Soulé arithmetic Chow group of \(\mathcal{M}\). In the first part of his paper [\textit{B. Howard}, ``Intersection theory on Shimura surfaces,'' Compos. Math. 145, No. 2, 423--475 (2009; Zbl 1170.14018)], the author constructed a family of arithmetic cycle class \[ \widehat{\mathcal{Y}}(\alpha,v)\in \widehat{\text{CH}}^2(\mathcal{M}) \] depending on a totally positive \(\alpha\in \mathcal{O}_F\) and a totally positive \(v\in F\otimes_{\mathbb{Q}}\mathbb{R}\cong \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}\). The main result of the article under review is that if \(2\) splits in \(F\) and if \(\alpha\mathcal{O}_F\) is relatively prime to the different of \(F/\mathbb{Q}\), then the values \(\widehat{\text{deg}}_{\mathcal{M}_0}\widehat{\mathcal{Y}}(\alpha,v)\) agree with the Fourier coefficients of a very particular Hilbert modular form of weight \(3/2\). This modular form was constructed via an Eisenstein series attached by Kudla-Rapoport-Yang to the quadratic space of trace zero elements of \(B_0\). And the main result of the article under review can be regarded as a higher dimensional variant of result of Kudla-Rapoport-Yang which relates intersection multiplicities of special cycles on the integral model of a Shimura curve to Fourier coefficients of a modular form in two variables.