Upper and lower bounds for the iterates of order-preserving homogeneous maps on cones (Q389564)

Let \(\mathbb{R}^n\) be endowed with a partial order induced by a closed cone \(C\). A mapping \(f:D \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n\) is said to be order-preserving if \(f(x) \leq f(y)\) whenever \(x \leq y\). \(f\) is said to be homogeneous of degree \(\alpha\) if \(f(\lambda x)={\lambda}^{\alpha}f(x)\) for all \(\lambda >0\) and all \(x \in D\). Order-preserving homogeneous of degree one maps are natural generalizations of nonnegative matrices and have been extensively considered in the literature. Now, let \(f:C \rightarrow C\) be a continuous order-preserving homogeneous of degree one map. Then the cone spectral radius \(\rho\) of \(f\) is defined as the limit of the sequence \(\{{\|f^k(x)\|}^{\frac{1}{k}}\}\) for any \(x \in \mathrm{int}~C\), the interior of \(C\). The authors propose the definitions of a lower bound and an upper bound for \(f\), as follows: \(y \in C \backslash \{0\}\) is called a lower bound for \(f\) if, for all \(x \in \mathrm{int}~C\), \(x\geq y\) implies that \(f(x) \geq \rho y\). A vector \(y \in \mathrm{int} ~C\) is called an upper bound if \(x \leq y\) implies that \(f(x) \leq \rho y\). The authors show that, if \(f\) is an order-preserving homogeneous of degree one map of the interior of \(C\) into itself in the real Euclidean space, then a lower bound for \(f\) exists. However, upper bounds need not exist even for finite dimensional spaces. A vector \(w \in C^* \backslash \{0\}\) (where \(C^*\) is the dual cone of the cone \(C\)) is called a weak upper bound for \(f\) if the scalar sequence \(\{\frac{\langle f^k(x), w\rangle}{{\rho}^k}\}\) is bounded for all \(x \in \mathrm{int}~ C\). The authors show that any order-preserving homogeneous of degree one map on the interior of the polyhedral cone of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) has a weak upper bound.