Parametric argument principle and its applications to CR functions and manifolds (Q2445915)

The main result of the paper is the following parametric version of the argument principle. Let \(M^k\) be a compact, oriented, real-analytic, connected, \(k\)-dimensional, closed manifold with the trivial homology group \(H_{k-2}(M^k)=0\). Let \(\varPhi:\overline\varDelta\times M^k\longrightarrow\mathbb C^n\) be a real-analytic mapping such that \(\text{rank\,}d_t\varPhi(\zeta,t)=k\) for \((\zeta,t)\in\overline\varDelta\times M^k\), \(\varPhi\) is holomorphic in the variable \(\zeta\in\overline\varDelta\), \(\varPhi(b\Sigma)=\Lambda\), where \(b\Sigma:=\partial\varDelta\times M^k\) and \(\Lambda\) is a real-analytic variety of dimension \(d\leq n\), \(\text{rank\,}d\varPhi(\zeta,t)|_{\partial\varDelta\times M^k}(u)=d\) if \(\varPhi(u)\in\Lambda\setminus\partial\Lambda\), \(\text{rank\,}d\varPhi(\zeta,t)|_{\partial\varDelta\times M^k}(u)=d-1\) if \(u\in\varPhi^{-1}(\partial\Lambda)\). Assume that: (1) the induced homomorphism \(\varPhi_\ast:H_{k+1}(b\Sigma)\longrightarrow H_{k+1}(\Lambda)\) is zero and (2) the induced homomorphism \(\varPhi_\ast:H_k(\overline\Sigma)\longrightarrow H_k(\varPhi(\overline\Sigma))\) is not zero. \noindent Then \(\text{rank}_{\mathbb C}d\varPhi(\zeta,t)<d\) for \((\zeta,t)\in\overline\varDelta\times M^k\). None of the conditions (1), (2) can be omitted. The author presents various applications of the above result, in particular, to the characterization of CR functions.