The Gorenstein property for modular binary forms invariants (Q908350)

Let \(F\) is a field with \(\mathrm{char} F=p>0\), and let \(G\subseteq \mathrm{SL}(2,F)\) be a finite group considered as a subgroup of the special linear group\(\mathrm{SL}(2,F)\). Let \(V= F^2\) be the two dimensional vector space over F regarded as the natural \(\mathrm{SL}(2,F)\)-module. Let \(S(V)\) be the symmetric algebra of \(V\) and \(S(V)^G\) the ring of G-invariants. The author of this article provides examples of groups \(G\), where \(S(V)^G\) is Cohen-Macaulay, but is not Gorenstein. This refutes a natural conjecture due to \textit{G. Kemper} et al. [Exp. Math. 10, No. 4, 537--542 (2001; Zbl 1009.13002)]. Let \(T(G)\) denote the subgroup of \(G\) generated by all transvections of \(G\). He shows that \(S(V)^G\) is Gorenstein if and only if one of the following cases holds: (1) \(T(G) = \left\{1_G\right\}\), (2) \(V\) is an irreducible \(T(G)\)-module, (3) \(V\) is a reducible \(T(G)\)-module and \(|G|\) divides \(|T(G)|(|T(G)|-1)\).