Sharp Markov-type inequalities for rational functions on several intervals (Q2634170)

Let \(\Re(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_{2n})\) be the set of all algebraic functions of the form \(r(x)=s_n(x)/\sqrt{p_{\nu}(x)}\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}\), where \(s_n(x)\) is a polynomial with complex coefficients of degree \(n\), and \(p_{\nu}(x)=\prod_{j=1}^{2n}(x-\xi_j)\) is a real polynomial of degree \(\nu\), which is positive on \(E=\bigcup_{i=1}^{l}[a_{2j-1},a_{2j}]\), \(1\leq j\leq l\), \(-1=a_1<a_2<\dots<a_{2l}=1\). Here, \(|\xi_j|>1\) and \(\xi_j\) might be \(\infty\) in which case the factor \(x-\xi_j\) is omitted. By \(\Re^{\star}(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_{2n})\), the subclass of \(\Re(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_{2n})\) is denoted that consists of those functions \(r\in \Re(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_{2n})\) that satisfy \(|r(x)|>\| r\|_{C(E)}\) for all \(x\in[-1,1]\setminus E\). The paper contains Markov-type inequalities for functions \(r\in \Re^{\star}(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_{2n})\) in pointwise and in norm version, respectively. The optimal functions for which these inequalities become equalities are explicitly given. The proofs use the theory of harmonic measures. These results can be regarded as extensions of the Markov-type inequality of \textit{V. N. Rusak}, cited from his book [Rational functions as an apparatus of approximation. Minsk: Belorus State Univ. Press (1979)], for the new considered case of several intervals. Finally, from the given general inequalities there are obtained as corollaries sharp Markov-type inequalities for polynomials on a reunion of two intervals.