On subprojectivity and superprojectivity of Banach spaces (Q2410847)

In [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 113, 252--261 (1964; Zbl 0124.06603)], \textit{R. J. Whitley} introduced the concept of subprojective and superprojective Banach spaces: a Banach space \(X\) is called subprojective (resp.\ superprojective) if every infinite-dimensional (resp.\ codimensional) subspace of \(X\) contains (resp.\ is contained in) an infinite-dimensional (resp.\ codimensional) subspace complemented in \(X\). In the paper under review, the authors characterize subprojectivity and superprojectivity in terms of improjective operators. It is shown that a Banach space \(X\) is subprojective (resp.\ superprojective) if and only if every improjective operator \(T:Z\to X\) (\(T:X\to Y\)) is strictly singular (resp.\ cosingular). As concequences, an \(\mathcal{L}_1\)-space is subprojective if and only if it contains no infinite-dimensional reflexive subspaces, every hereditarily-\(c_0\) Banach space is subprojective, every hereditarily-\(\ell_1\) Banach space with an unconditional basis is subprojective, \(C([0,\lambda],X)\) is subprojective if \(X\) is. Examples of non-reflexive superprojective Banach spaces are also provided.