Free multiplicities on the moduli of \(X_{3}\) (Q1635309)

In this interesting (and inspiring for further work) paper the authors study the moduli space of \(X_{3}\) arrangements in the context of free multiplicities. Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be a field of characteristic zero and \(S = \mathbb{K}[x,y,z]\). For an arrangement of \(d\) lines \(\mathcal{A}\) we denote by \(m\) a multiplicity function \(m : \mathcal{A} \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\), and we denote by \(\mathfrak{m} = (m_{1}, ..., m_{d})\) the multiplicity vector, i.e., \(m(H_{i})=m_{i}\) for \(H_{i} \in \mathcal{A}\). The pair \((\mathcal{A},\mathfrak{m})\) is called a multiarrangement of lines. We define the module of derivations on the multiarrangement \(\mathcal{A} = \{H_{1}, ..., H_{d}\}\) with \(\ker(\alpha_{i}) = H_{i}\) as \[D(\mathcal{A},m) = \big\{ \theta \in \mathrm{Der}(S) \, : \, \theta(\alpha_{i}) \in \alpha_{i}^{m(H_{i})} S\big\}.\] Now we say that a multplicity \(\mathfrak{m}\) on an arrangement \(\mathcal{A}\) is free if \(D(\mathcal{A},m)\) is a free \(S\)-module. The authors study free multiplcities \(\mathfrak{m}\) for the moduli space of \(X_{3}\) arrangement which is given by the following equations \[\begin{split}&H_{1} = \{x=0\}, \, H_{2} = \{y=0\}, \, H_{3} = \{z = 0\}, \, H_{4} = \{x+y=0\},\\& H_{5} = \{x+z = 0\}, \, H_{6} = \{y+z = 0\}.\end{split}\] The first result of the paper is the observation that the moduli space of \(X_{3}\) is one-dimensional, i.e., it depends on the parameter \(\alpha \in \mathbb{K}\setminus \{0,1\}\). The main result of the paper (which is based on a homological criterion proved by the authors) provides a complete classification of free multiplicities for the moduli space of \(X_{3}\). Main Result. For any \(\alpha \in \mathbb{K}\setminus \{0,1\}\) the freeness of \((X_{3},\mathfrak{m})\) implies that \(m_{4}=m_{5}=m_{6}=1\) and \(m_{1}=m_{2}=m_{3}=n\) for some positive integer \(n\), i.e., the free multiplicities are of the form \((n,n,n,1,1,1)\). Moreover, i) if \(\alpha\) is not a root of unity, then \((n,n,n,1,1,1)\) is a free multiplicity for any \(n>1\), and ii) if \(\alpha\) is a root of unity with order \(m\), then \((n,n,n,1,1,1)\) is a free multiplicity if and only if \(n \not\equiv \ 1 \, \mathrm{ mod} \, m\). In particular, if \(\alpha = -1\), then \((n,n,n,1,1,1)\) is a free multiplicity if and only if \(n\) is even.