Fano varieties with large Seshadri constants (Q1621475)

Let \(X\) be a complex normal projective variety, \(L\) a nef \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Cartier divisor, and \(x \in X\) a smooth point. The Seshadri constant of \(L\) at \(x\) is defined as \[ \varepsilon(X,L;x) := \text{sup} \{ t \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0} : \sigma^{*} L - tE \text{ is nef} \}, \] where \(\sigma : \text{Bl}_{x}X \rightarrow X\) is the blow-up of \(X\) at \(x\), and \(E\) is the exceptional divisor of \(\sigma\). We also define \(\varepsilon(L)\) to be the maximum of \(\varepsilon(X,L;x)\) as \(x\) varies over all smooth points of the variety. The main goal of this very interesting paper is to study Fano varieties with large Seshadri constants, especially in the context of the birational boundedness. The first result of the paper provides a bound on the volume. Theorem 1. Let \(\delta > 0\), then there exists a number \(M(n,\delta)>0\) depending only on \(n\) and \(\delta\) with the following property: if \(D\) is an effective \(\mathbb{Q}\)-divisor on a normal projective variety \(X\) of dimension \(n\) such that \(L=-(K_{X}+D)\) is nef and \(\varepsilon(L) > n - 1 + \delta\), then \(L^{n} \leq M(n,\delta)\). As a corollary, one obtains the following boundedness result. Theorem 2. Let \(D\) be an effective \(\mathbb{Q}\)-divisor on a normal projective variety \(X\) of dimension \(n\) such that \(L=-(K_{X}+D)\) is nef. If \(\varepsilon(L) > n-1\), then \(X\) is birational to a Fano variety \(Y\) with terminal singularities such that \(\varepsilon(-K_{X}) \geq \varepsilon(L)\). In particular, \(X\) is rationally connected. Now we would like to present some classification results which are using the moving Seshadri constant. Let \(L\) be any line bundle and \(x \in X\) a general point, then the moving Seshadri constant is defined here as \[ \varepsilon_{m}(X,L;x) = \text{lim \, sup}_{m \rightarrow \infty} \frac{s(L^{\otimes m},x)}{m}, \] where for a coherent sheaf \(\mathcal{F}\) on \(X\), \(s(\mathcal{F},x)\) is the largest integer such that the natural map \(H^{0}(\mathcal{F}) \rightarrow H^{0}(\mathcal{F} \otimes \mathcal{O}_{X}/\mathfrak{m}_{x}^{s+1})\) is surjective. We denote by \(\varepsilon_{m}(L)\) to be the maximum of \(\varepsilon_{m}(X,L;x)\) among all smooth points \(x\). Theorem 3. Let \(X\) be a normal projective variety of dimension \(n\) such that \(\varepsilon_{m}(-K_{X}) > n\), then \(X \cong \mathbb{P}^{n}\). Theorem 4. Let \(X\) be a normal projective variety of dimension \(n\) with \(\varepsilon_{m}(-K_{X}) = n\). Assume that one of the following holds: i) \(\text{vol}(-K_{X}) > n^{n}\), ii) \(X\) is a surface, or iii) there is an effective \(\mathbb{Q}\)-divisor \(D\) such that \(L=-(K_{X}+D)\) is nef and \(\varepsilon(L) \geq n\). Then \(X\) is of Fano type. On the other hand, for any \(\delta > 0\) there exists \(n\)-dimensional Fano variety \(X\) with worse than log canonical singularities such that \(\varepsilon(-K_{X}) > n -\delta\).