Inverse Galois theory over fields of twisted rational fractions (Q2207259)

The Inverse Galois Problem over a field \(k\) (\(IGP/k\)), originally proposed by Hilbert more than 120 years ago, asks whether every finite group \(G\) is isomorphic to the Galois group of some Galois extension of \(k\). Thanks to Hilbert's irreducibility Theorem, this problem over the field \(Q\) of rational numbers is reduced to the same problem over the field \(Q(t)\) of rational functions over \(Q\): Is every finite group is realizable as the Galois group of a regular extension \(L/Q(t)\)? in which case the study of this problem can be approached geometrically. It is conjectured that: for every field \(k\) and for every finite group \(G\), there exists a regular Galois extension \(L/k(T)\) such that \(\mathrm{Gal}(L/k(T)) \simeq G\). This is the regular inverse Galois problem over \(k\) (\(RIGP/k\)); that is, geometrically it amounts to finding a Galois covers \(X\rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1\) of group G, defined over \(k\). Clearly, an affirmative answer to the \(RIGP/Q\) would immediately give an affirmative answer to the usual \(IGP/Q\) as well. \textit{F. Pop} [Ann. Math. (2) 144, No. 1, 1--34 (1996; Zbl 0862.12003)] introduced the notion of ample (or large) field \(k\) and which means that any smooth geometrically irreducible \(k\)-curve has either zero or infinitely many \(k\)-rational points. He then demonstrated that the \(RIGP/k\) has a positive answer as soon as \(k\) contains an ample field. Traditionally, the inverse Galois problem has generally been studied only for commutative fields. However, Galois Theory has a generalization to the non-commutative class of field. The definition most adopted for Galois Theory of skew fields is that given by Artin: an extension \(L/k\) is called Galois if the field of invariants of \(L\) under the action of \(\Aut(L/k)\) is equal to \(k\). Let \(H\) be a skew field of finite dimension over its center \(k\). In their article, \textit{B. Deschamps} and \textit{F. Legrand} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 224, No. 5, Article ID 106240, 13 p. (2020; Zbl 1480.12004)] are interested in the Inverse Galois Problem over \(H\). They showed that the \(IGP/H\) is equivalent to a variant of the \(IGP/k\) involving a polynomial constraint. \textit{G. Alon} et al. [C. R., Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 358, No. 7, 785--790 (2020; Zbl 1477.12001)] solved, by [\textit{B. Deschamps} and \textit{F. Legrand}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 224, No. 5, Article ID 106240, 13 p. (2020; Zbl 1480.12004), Theorem B], the \(IGP/H(X)\), where \(H(X)\) is the field of fractions of the ring of polynomial functions over \(H\) in the variable \(X\), if the center of \(H\) contains an ample field. As a special (but fundamental) case of the above result is that the \(IGP/H(X)\) has an affirmative answer, when \(H\) is the skew field of Hamilton's quaternions. The aim of the current paper (under review) is to contribute to inverse Galois theory over skew fields. The first main theorem prove that if \(H\) is a skew field of center \(k\) (not necessarily of finite dimension over \(k\)) and \(\sigma\) an automorphism of finite order of \(H\) such that the fixed subfield \(k^{<\sigma>}\) of \(k\) under the action of \(\sigma\) contains an ample field, then the Inverse Galois Problem has a positive answer over the skew field \(H(t,\sigma)\) of twisted rational fractions. It should be noted that this result which is a generalization of [loc. cit., Theorem B] uses the scalar extension method, to introduce a new approach based on skew (or twisted) Laurent series fields. The second main result, the proof of which is essentially based on results and terminology from article [\textit{P. Dèbes} and \textit{B. Deschamps}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 574, 197--218 (2004; Zbl 1051.12003)], shows that if \(k^{<\sigma>}\) contains either a real closed field, or an Henselian field of residue characteristic \(0\) and containing all roots of unity, then the profree group of countable rank \(\hat{F}_{\omega}\) is a Galois group over \(H(t,\sigma)\). Examples are also given, illustrating the application of the main results.