Antisymmetric tensor products of absolutely \(p\)-summing operators (Q1185258)

The author earlier [Math. Nachr. 148, 65-79 (1990; Zbl 0735.47011)] introduced the Grothendieck numbers \[ \Gamma_ n(S)=\sup\{|\text{det}(\langle Sx_ i,b_ j\rangle)_{i,j=1}^ n|^{1/n};\;x_ i\in B_ X,\;b_ j\in B_{Y'}\} \] of a bounded linear operator \(S: X\to Y\) between Banach spaces \(X\) and \(Y\) (where \(Y'\) is the dual space of \(Y\) and \(B_ X\), \(B_{Y'}\), are the unit balls of \(X\) and \(Y'\)). The present paper introduces modified Grothendieck numbers \[ \Gamma_ n(S;\mu)=\sup\{\int_{B_{Y'}}\dots\int_{B_{Y'}}\text{det}(\langle Sx_ i,b_ j\rangle)_{i,j=1}^ n|^ 2 d\mu(b_ 1)\dots d\mu(b_ n)\}^{1/2n}, \] where \(\mu\in W(B_{Y'})\), the set of normalized regular Borel measures on the unit ball \(B_{Y'}\) of \(Y'\), equipped with the weak\(^*\)-topology. Section 1 is concerned with antisymmetric (injective) tensor products of spaces and of absolutely \(p\)-summing operators. The \(n\)th outer (injective) product \(\Lambda_ \varepsilon^ n X\) is identified with a subspace of the space of continuous \(n\)-linear functionals on \(X'\times\dots\times X'\). The outer \(\varepsilon\)-product \(\Lambda_ \varepsilon^ n S:\Lambda_ \varepsilon^ n X\to \Lambda_ \varepsilon^ n Y\) is defined for any bounded linear \(S: X\to Y\). The main theorems of the section include the result: if \(2\leq p<\infty\) and \(S: X\to Y\) is an absolutely \(p\)-summing operator then \(\Lambda_ \varepsilon^ n S: \Lambda_ \varepsilon^ n X\to\Lambda_ \varepsilon^ n Y\) is also absolutely \(p\)-summing and the \(p\)-summing norms are related by the inequality \(\pi_ p(\Lambda_ \varepsilon^ n S)\leq n!^{-1/p}\pi_ p(S)^ n\). Section 2 is concerned with basic properties of the numbers \(\Gamma_ n(S,\mu)\). Several examples are considered. Section 3 considers relations with the geometry of Banach spaces. Known results on the approximation numbers of absolutely 2-summing operators are translated into the language of Grothendieck numbers and yield, for example, as variant of a result of Ovsepian and Pelczynski, the fact that if \(X\) is a Banach space then \(X\) contains an isomorphic copy of \(\ell_ 1\) if and only if there exists \(\mu\in W(B_{X'})\) and \(c>0\) such that \(\Gamma_ n(X,\mu)=\Gamma_ n(I_ x,\mu)\geq cn^{1/2}\) for all \(n=1,2,\dots\) (where \(I_ x: X\to X\) is the identity mapping). Section 4 is concerned with the relation between certain volume ratios of convex and symmetric bodies in \(\mathbb{R}^ n\) and Grothendieck numbers of related operators.