The radiated noise from isotropic turbulence (Q1341767)

The analysis of the title problem is based on a direct evaluation of the fourth-order covariance of the Lighthill stress tensor whereby the fourth velocity covariance is derived from known values of the square of the similar second-order covariance. The approach did not neglect retarded times as Proudman did in his fundamental theory. As such, it did not involve the statistical assumptions that replaces the second-order retarded time and space covariance of Lighthill's stress tensor and its second time derivative by the equivalent simultaneous covariance. The results obtained by this method are in fair agreement with Proudman's result. However, the present method has a free parameter, the turbulent Strouhal number, which can only be obtained by comparison with the direct numerical simulation (DNS). The turbulent Strouhal number is very important in the determination of the characteristics of noise from turbulence. Many of the assumptions made in the analytic theory of the acoustic generation from isotropic turbulence are guided by the DNS results, some are confirmed by DNS. Finally, recent numerical solutions for the acoustic power are compared with results obtained from analytic solutions.