The global dynamics of linear refracting systems of focus-node or center-node type (Q6099587)

In this paper, the authors study the global dynamics of the following planar piecewise linear refracting system of focus-node type, center-node type, focus-improper node type and center-improper node type defined in two zones separated by the straight line \(\{(x, y)^T\in \mathbb{R}^2: \ x=0 \}\): \[ \begin{pmatrix} \dot{x} \\ \dot{y} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{cases} \begin{pmatrix} 2\gamma_L & -1 \\ \gamma_L^2+1 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} x\\ y \end{pmatrix}- \begin{pmatrix} 0\\ \alpha_L \end{pmatrix}, & \text{if } x< 0, \\ \begin{pmatrix} 2\gamma_R & -1 \\ \gamma_R^2-m_R^2 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} x\\ y \end{pmatrix}- \begin{pmatrix} 0\\ \alpha_R \end{pmatrix}, & \text{if } x> 0, \end{cases} \] where \(\gamma_L\), \(\gamma_R\), \(m_R\), \(\alpha_L\) and \(\alpha_R\) are real parameters with \(\gamma_R<-1\) and \(m_R\in \{0, 1\}\). If \(\alpha_R>0\), then the right subsystem has a node for \(m_R=1\) and has an improper node for \(m_R=0\). For those four types of systems, the authors obtained sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of limit cycles for all parameter regions and proved that the systems have at most one limit cycles. They also show that those systems have 26 kinds of different global topological phase portraits in the Poincaré disc.