Graded hypoellipticity of BGG sequences (Q2084898)

In a fundamental paper, \textit{L. Hörmander} [Ann. Math. (2) 83, 129--209 (1966; Zbl 0132.07402)] proved that the hypoellipticity of a pseudo-differential operator depends on the injectivity of associated linear partial differential operators with polynomial coefficients. This idea was applied in an enormous number of subsequent works. Concerning in particular hypoellipticity of operators on the Heisenberg group, \textit{C. Rockland} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 240, 1--52 (1978; Zbl 0326.22007)] suggested a variant of the Hörmander's condition, further extended by \textit{B. Helffer} and \textit{J. Nourrigat} [Hypoellipticité maximale pour des opérateurs polynômes de champs de vecteurs. (Maximal hypoellipticity for polynomial operators of vector fields). Birkhäuser, Cham (1985; Zbl 0568.35003)] about left invariant differential operators on graded nilpotent groups. In the present paper, the authors treat the general case of pseudo-differential operators on a filtered manifold, defined as a smooth manifold admitting a filtration of its tangent bundle by smooth subbundles, compatible with the Lie bracket of vector fields. To each point in a filtered manifold one can assign a simply connected Lie group, non-commutative analogue of the tangent space, cf. [\textit{T. Morimoto}, Hokkaido Math. J. 22, No. 3, 263--347 (1993; Zbl 0801.53019)]. In this setting, the authors define a suitable Rockland condition and prove results of hypoellipticity. Particular attention is devoted to sequences of operators, generalizing the de Rham complex. For them, hypoellipticity is obtained by arguing on a related Rockland sequence. Relevant example is given by the so-called BGG sequences. All the results are finally rephrased in terms of the scale of the corresponding Sobolev spaces.