The Galois module structure of holomorphic poly-differentials and Riemann-Roch spaces (Q6169069)

This paper is partially based on the second author's PhD thesis under the direction of the first author. Generally, the authors fix a smooth, projective, geometrically irreducible curve \(X\) over a perfect field \(k\) of positive characteristic \(p\). However, in sections 4-6, the authors focus on special cases, such as hyperelliptic curves and modular curves. Assume \(G\) is a finite group acting faithfully on \(X\) over \(k\) such that \(G\) has non-trivial, cyclic Sylow \(p\)-subgroups. (In section 1, the authors collect the list of technical assumptions and specialized notations -- see pages 759--760.) Roughly speaking, one of the main results the authors establish is the following: For any \(G\)-invariant divisor \(E\) on \(X\) with sufficiently large degree, the space \(H^0(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X(E))\) of global sections of the line bundle \({\mathcal{O}}_X(E)\) can be decomposed into a direct sum of indecomposable \(kG\)-modules depending only on the class of \(E\) modulo \(G\)-invariant principal divisors, together with the ramification data of the cover \(X \to X/G\). Moreover, building on the work of \textit{E. Kani} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 367, 187--206 (1986; Zbl 0606.14027)] and \textit{S. Nakajima} [J. Number Theory 22, 115--123 (1986; Zbl 0602.14017)] from the 1980s, the authors give a complete solution to Hecke's classical problem of determining the precise module structure of all prime level cusp forms of even weight in the case \(p = 3\) (the case \(p=2\) remains open). In this paper, the authors prove a number of technical results which, roughly speaking, go towards describing the structure of \(H^0(X,{\mathcal{S}})\), for various sheaves \({\mathcal{S}}\) and various families of curves \(X\). For example, their Theorem 5.8 (describing the module structure of certain cohomology spaces attached to certain modular curves) requires over two full pages to even state. Instead of quoting such technical results, the reader is referred to the carefully explained, case-by-case analysis in the paper itself.