Combinatorial aspects of free associative algebras and cohomologies of Lie \(p\)-algebras with one defining relation. (Q844407)

Let \(A\langle X\rangle\) be a finitely generated free associative algebra over a field \(k\) and let \(Q\in A\langle X\rangle\) be a nonzero element such that its leading homogeneous component \(Q_v\) has no proper divisors. In the paper under review the author studies the algebra \(k\langle X;\;R=0\rangle=A\langle X\rangle/(R)\) with one defining relation \(R=0\), where \(R=f(Q)\) is a polynomial in \(Q\). The main results of the paper generalize the results of \textit{V. N. Gerasimov} [Algebra Logic 15(1976), 238-274 (1977); translation from Algebra Logika 15, 384-435 (1976; Zbl 0372.08001)] (who studies the case \(R=Q\)). The author solves the equation \(\sum_ix_iRy_i=z\), where \(x_i,y_i,z\) are in \(A\langle X\rangle\). As a consequence, he proves the Freiheitssatz for \(k\langle X;\;R=0\rangle\): If \(R\) depends on the variable \(y\in X\), then the subalgebra of \(k\langle X;\;R=0\rangle\) generated by the images of \(X\setminus y\) is free. Another consequence is that the word problem is solvable in the class of algebras with one defining relation with the considered restriction on the leading homogeneous components. As an application, similar theorems for Lie \(p\)-algebras with one defining relation are established. These results allow to prove the periodicity of cohomologies of Lie \(p\)-algebras with one defining relation of the considered type.