Sklyanin algebras and Hilbert schemes of points (Q875242)

Vector bundles on noncommutative spaces play an important role in representation theory. The authors claim to make the first systematic application of moduli-theoretic techniques from algebraic geometry to a problem in this area, the study of coherent sheaves on noncommutative projective planes. In accordance with Grothendieck's philosophy, a noncommutative projective plane is an abelian category with the fundamental properties of the category \(\text{coh}(\mathbb{P}^2)\) of coherent sheaves on the projective plane. For a connected graded noetherian algebra \(S\), one regards \(\text{qgr}-S\), the category of finitely generated graded \(S\)-modules modulo those of finite length, as the category of coherent sheaves on the noncommutative projective variety \(\text{Proj}(S).\) The noncommutative analogues of \(\text{coh}(\mathbb{P}^2)\) are exactly the categories of the form \(\text{qgr}-S\) where \(S\) is an Artin Schelter (AR) regular algebra with the Hilbert series \((1-t)^{-3}\) of a polynomial ring in three variables \((S\in\underline{AS}_3.)\) Earlier work relates a noncommutative plane \(\mathbb{P}^2_{\hbar}\) to the first Weyl algebra \(A_1\). Then one can regard \(\mathbb{P}^2_{\hbar}\) as a deformation of \(\mathbb{P}^2\), \(A_1\) as a deformation of the ring of functions on \(\mathbb{A}^2\subset\mathbb{P}^2\), and the line bundles on \(\mathbb{P}^2_{\hbar}\) with \(c_2=n\) correspond naturally to points of a deformation of \((\mathbb{A}^2)^{[n]},\) the Hilbert scheme of \(n\) points in the plane. The authors generalize this by working out the following results: The plane \(\mathbb{P}^2_{\hbar}\) is one of several families of noncommutative planes. The authors construct moduli spaces that classify vector bundles and torsion-free coherent sheaves on all such planes. They prove that previous results are special cases of this. The authors prove that these moduli spaces behave well in families. For example, when the noncommutative plane is a deformation of \(\mathbb{P}^2,\) this provides a deformation of the Hilbert schemes of points \((\mathbb{P}^2)^{[n]}.\) Finally, the authors prove that the Hilbert scheme \((\mathbb{A}^2)^{[n]}\) has a symplectic structure induced by the hyperkähler metric. They construct Poisson and symplectic structures on the analogues moduli spaces and study the resulting Poisson and symplectic geometry. The algebras \(S\in\underline{AS}_3\) have been classified in terms of geometric data. When \(\text{qgr}-S\ncong\text{coh}(\mathbb{P}^2),\) \(S\) is determined by the commutative data \((E,\sigma)\) where \(E\hookrightarrow\mathbb{P}^2\) is a plane cubic curve and \(\sigma\in\text{Aut}(E)\) is a nontrivial automorphism. Thus the authors may write \(S=S(E,\sigma).\) A key fact is that \(\text{coh}(E)\simeq\text{qgr}(S/gS)\subset\text{qgr}-S\) for an element \(g\in S_3\) unique up to scalar multiplication, and this inclusion has a left adjoint of restricion to \(E\). The authors incorporate the categories \(\text{qgr}-S\simeq\text{coh}(\mathbb{P}^2)\) by letting \(\sigma\) be trivial and \(E\) any cubic. The generic example is the \textit{Sklyanin algebra} \(\text{Skl}(E,\sigma)\) which is determined by a smooth elliptic curve \(E\) and an automorphism \(\sigma\) given by translation under the group law. Noncommutative projective planes have all the basic properties of \(\text{coh}(\mathbb{P}^2)\) and therefore admit natural definitions of vector bundles and torsion-free sheaves as well as invariants like Euler characteristic and Chern classes. This gives meaning to the general results in the article. One key element is the thoroughgoing use of the cohomological tools from commutative algebraic geometry, primarily cohomology and base change. The authors are going through the background material in a detailed and understandable way, making it possible to understand the rest of the article. One has to mention the section where the authors show that an analogue of the Beilinson spectral sequence also works for vector bundles in a noncommutative \(\mathbb{P}^2\), and that this can be used to construct a projective moduli space as a GIT quotient of a subvariety of a product of Grassmannians. The authors construct projective moduli spaces for torsion-free sheaves on noncommutative projective planes. These moduli spaces vary smoothly in the parameters describing the noncommutative plane and have good properties analogues to those of moduli spaces of sheaves over the usual plane \(\mathbb{P}^2.\) In case of the Sklyanin algebra \(S=\text{Skl}(E,\sigma)\), the fine moduli space of line bundles over \(S\) with first Chern class zero and Euler characteristic \(1-n\) provides a symplectic variety that is a deformation of the Hilbert scheme of \(n\) points on \(\mathbb{P}^2\backslash E.\)