Seepage underneath barrages with downstream subsidiary weirs (Q1098719)

A subsidiary weir with a sloping middle apron may be constructed downstream from each of the existing barrages on the River Nile in Egypt to secure its stability against the increase in effective heads. The problem is mathematically solved by a conformal mapping technique. Formulas are obtained to calculate the uplift pressures acting on the existing barrage and the subsidiary weir. Also formulas are derived to calculate the exit gradients along the intermediate filter and the downstream bed. We calculate the seepage characteristics for a wide range of boundary conditions, plot the results in the form of curves, and analyze them.