Paraproduct on the Heisenberg group and applications (Q5940349)

The Heisenberg group \(\mathbb H^n \cong \mathbb C^n \times \mathbb R\) with the product of elements \((z,s), (z',s') \in \mathbb H^n\), \[ (z,s).(z',s') := (z+z', s+s'+2 \text{Im} (z.\overline{z}')), \] admits the irreducible unitary representations \((u^\lambda, \mathcal H_\lambda)_{\lambda \neq 0}\) in the Hilbert spaces \[ \mathcal H_\lambda := \{ f \in Hol(\mathbb C^n); \|F \|_{\mathcal H_\lambda} < \infty \}, \] with \[ \|F \|_{\mathcal H_\lambda}^2 := \left(\frac{2|\lambda|}{\pi}\right)^n \int_{\mathbb C^n}e^{-2 |\lambda||\xi|^2} |F(\xi)|^2 d\xi, \] and with the action \[ u^\lambda_{z,s}F (\xi) = e^{i\lambda s + 2\lambda(\xi .z - |z|^2/2)}. \begin{cases} F(\xi - \overline{z}), & \text{ if } \lambda > 0\\ F(\xi + z),& \text{ if } \lambda < 0. \end{cases} \] The associated Fourier transformation is \(\mathcal F(f)(\lambda) := \int f(z,s)u^\lambda_{z,s}dzds, \forall f \in L^1(\mathbb H^n)\). For an arbitrary radial function of the form \(f(z,s) = g(|z|,s)\), if \(f\in L^2(\mathbb H^n)\), then \(\mathcal F(f)(\lambda)F_{\alpha,\lambda} = R_{|\alpha |}(\lambda) F_{\alpha,\lambda}\) for some scalar function \(R_m(\lambda)\), where by definition \(F_{\alpha,\lambda}(\xi) := {(\sqrt{2|\lambda|}\xi)^\alpha \over \sqrt{\alpha}}\) forming an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space \(\mathcal H_\lambda\) and conversely. This important result is used to produce some inhomogeneous Littlewood-Paley decomposition as follows. Let \(R^*\in C^\infty_0(\mathcal C_0)\) denote a function on the necklage \(\mathcal C_0 := \{ \tau\in \mathbb R : 1/2 \leq |\tau|\leq 4 \}\) such that \(\sum_{j\in \mathbb Z} R^*(2^{-2j}\tau) = 1\), and let \(\widetilde{R}^* \in C^\infty_0(\mathcal B_0)\) on the small ball \(\mathcal B_0 := \{ \tau \in \mathbb R: |\tau|\leq 2 \}\), which is identically equal to 1 in a small neighborhood of 0, such that \(\widetilde{R}^*(\tau) + \sum_{j \geq 0} R^*(2^{-2j}\tau) = 1\). The authors define \[ \psi(z,s) := \frac{2^{n-1}}{\pi^{n+1}} \sum_m \int e^{-i\lambda s}\widetilde{R}^*_m(\lambda)L_m^{(n-1)}(2|\lambda||z|^2)e^{-|\lambda||z|^2}|\lambda|^n d\lambda, \] \(\psi\in \mathcal S(\mathbb H^n)\), and then obtain an inhomogeneous Littlewood-Paley decomposition for an arbitrary function \(f \in L^2(\mathbb H^n)\) into the sum \(f = \sum_{j \geq -1} \Delta_jf, \) where for \(j>-1\), \(\Delta_jf := f * \varphi_j\), with \(\varphi_j(z,s) := 2^{Nj}\varphi(2^jz,s^{2j}s)\), \(N = 2n+2\) and \[ \varphi(z,s) := \frac{2^{n-1}}{\pi^{n+1}} \sum_m \int e^{-i\lambda s} R^*_m(\lambda)L_m^{(n-1)}(2|\lambda||z|^2)e^{-|\lambda||z|^2}|\lambda|^n d\lambda , \] \(\Delta_{-1}f := f * \psi\), and for \(j < -1\), \(\Delta_j f := 0\). The authors prove also some spectral localization properties in Section 3, the paraproducts in Section 4, the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality on the Heisenberg group and study solutions of sub-elliptic semilinear systems and semilinear wave equations in Section 5.