Problem on minimum wave speed for a Lotka-Volterra reaction-diffusion competition model (Q5961950)

Consider the system of two reaction-diffusion equations \[ \begin{aligned} {\partial v_1\over\partial t} &=\Delta v_1+ (1- v_1- a_1 v_2)v_1,\\ {\partial v_2\over\partial t} &= d\Delta v_2+ r(1- a_2 v)1- v_2) v_2,\end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(x\in \mathbb{R}^n\), \(d\), \(r\), \(a_1\), \(a_2\) are positive constants. System (1) has the equilibria \(E_1= (0,1)\), \(E_2= (1,0)\). Under the assumption (\(\text{A}_1\)) \(0< a_1< 1< a_2\), \(E_1\) is unstable and \(E_2\) is stable. The author studies the existence of a traveling wave solution \[ v_1(x, t)= V_1(k\cdot x+ ct),\quad v_2(x, t)= V_2(k\cdot x+ ct) \] connecting \(E_1\) and \(E_2\). Here, \(k\in\mathbb{R}^n\) is a unit vector, \(c\) the wave speed. Using the hypothesis (\(\text{A}_2\)) \({(2- d)(1- a_1)+ r\over ra_2}\geq \max\{a_{11}{d-2\over 2|d-1|}\}\), the author proves: Theorem. Under the assumptions (\(\text{A}_1\)) and (\(\text{A}_2\)), system (1) has a nonnegative traveling wave solution commuting \(E_1\) and \(E_2\) if and only if \(c\geq 2\sqrt{1-a_1}\). The proof is based on the construction of lower and upper solutions.