Discriminating quantum states: the multiple Chernoff distance

DOI10.1214/16-AOS1436zbMATH Open1397.62611arXiv1508.06624OpenAlexW1929126829MaRDI QIDQ309733FDOQ309733

Ke Li

Publication date: 7 September 2016

Published in: The Annals of Statistics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider the problem of testing multiple quantum hypotheses $h{o}_1^{otimesn},ldots,h{o}_r^{otimesn}$, where an arbitrary prior distribution is given and each of the $r$ hypotheses is $n$ copies of a quantum state. It is known that the average error probability $P_e$ decays exponentially to zero, that is, $P_e=exp-xin+o(n)$. However, this error exponent $xi$ is generally unknown, except for the case that $r=2$. In this paper, we solve the long-standing open problem of identifying the above error exponent, by proving Nussbaum and Szkol a's conjecture that $xi=mi{n}_{ieqj}C(h{o}_i,h{o}_j)$. The right-hand side of this equality is called the multiple quantum Chernoff distance, and $C(h{o}_i,h{o}_j):=ma{x}_{0leqsleq1}-logoperatornameTrh{o}_i^{s}h{o}_j^{1-s}$ has been previously identified as the optimal error exponent for testing two hypotheses, $h{o}_i^{otimesn}$ versus $h{o}_j^{otimesn}$. The main ingredient of our proof is a new upper bound for the average error probability, for testing an ensemble of finite-dimensional, but otherwise general, quantum states. This upper bound, up to a states-dependent factor, matches the multiple-state generalization of Nussbaum and Szkol a's lower bound. Specialized to the case $r=2$, we give an alternative proof to the achievability of the binary-hypothesis Chernoff distance, which was originally proved by Audenaert et al.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.06624

zbMATH Keywords

error exponentmultiple hypothesesquantum Chernoff distancequantum hypothesis testingquantum state discrimination

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonparametric hypothesis testing (62G10) Applications of statistics to physics (62P35) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45)

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