On divisibility of convolutions of central binomial coefficients (Q405116)

Summary: Recently, \textit{Z. W. Sun} [Electron. J. Comb. 20, No. 1, Research Paper P9, 14 p. (2013; Zbl 1266.05004)] proved that \[ 2(2m+1)\binom{2m}{m}\;\bigg|\;\binom{6m}{3m}\binom{3m}{m} \] for \(m\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}\). In this paper, we consider a generalization of this result by defining \[ b_{n,k}=\frac{2^{k}\, (n+2k-2)!!}{((n-2)!!\, k!}. \] In this notation, Sun's result may be expressed as \(2\, (2m+1) \mid b_{(2m+1),(2m+1)-1}\) for \(m\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}\). In this paper, we prove that \[ 2n \mid b_{n,un{\pm} 2^{r}} \] for \(n\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}\) and \(u,r\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\) with \(un \pm 2^{r} > 0\). In addition, we prove a type of converse. Namely, fix \(k\in\mathbb{Z}\) and \(u\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq0}\) with \(u>0\) if \(k<0\). If \[ 2n \mid b_{n,un+k} \] for all \(n\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}\) with \(un+k>0\), then there exists a unique \(r \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq0}\) so that either \(k=2^{r} \) or \(k=-2^{r}\).