Periodic and subharmonic solutions for Duffing equation with a singularity (Q414767)

The authors study the existence and multiplicity of periodic and subharmonic solutions of the second-order differential equation \[ x''+g(x)=p(t), \] where \(p\) is a \(T\)-periodic force and \(g\) presents a strong singularity of repulsive type at the origin. The method of proof combines a generalized version of the Poincaré-Birkhoff twist theorem with a qualitative analysis of the phase-plane properties.