Extremal functions with vanishing condition (Q745851)

Let \(E\) be a Hermite-Biehler function, i.e., an entire function \(E\) satisfying \(|E(z)| > |\overline{E(\overline{z})}|\) for all \(z\in \mathbb{C}\) with \(\mathrm{Im}\, z > 0\). For Hermite-Biehler functions of mean-type \(\tau\), the authors derive optimal majorants \(M_E^+\) and minorants \(M_E^-\) (in the sense of the de Branges measure of \(E\)) of exponential type \(\tau\) for the truncation \(x\mapsto (x^2+a^2)^{-1}\). Furthermore, they establish the formula \[ \int_\mathbb{R} (M_E^+ (x) - M_E^- (x)) \frac{dx}{|E(x)|^2} = \frac{1}{a^2 K(0,0)}, \] where \(K\) denotes the reproducing kernel for the de Branges space \(\mathcal{H} (E)\). As an application, the authors consider a Heaviside function that vanishes at a fixed point \(i a\) on the imaginary axis and show that the difference of the majorant and minorant has integral value \(a\,\pi\,(a\,\pi - \tanh (a\,\pi))^{-1}\).