Construction of solutions to the \(L^2\)-critical KdV equation with a given asymptotic behaviour (Q997104)

The article is devoted to the generalized KdV equation \(u_t+ (u_{xx}+ u^p)_x= 0\) (\(x,t\in\mathbb{R}\), \(p\geq 2\)) in the \(L^2\)-critical case \(p= 5\). In the subcritical case \(2\leq p< 5\), the solutions in \(H^1\) are global and uniformly bounded. The existence of blow-up solutions was proved if \(p= 5\) and for \(p> 5\), the numerics predict blow-up. In general, denote \[ Q(x)= \Biggl({p+1\over 2\cosh^2((p-1)/2)x}\Biggr)^{1/(p- 1)}, \] then \(R_{c,x_0}= c^{1/(p-1)} Q(\sqrt{c}(x- x_0- ct))\) \((c> 0)\) is a soliton solution. The main result concerns the critical case \(p= 5\) and reads as follows. Let \(V\in H^1\) be with a sufficient decay on the right (in the sense \((1+ x)^{2+\varepsilon}V(x)\in L^2(0,\infty)\), \(\varepsilon> 0\)), let \(R_j= Q(x- x_j- c_j t)\), \(0< c_1<\cdots< c_N\); \(x_1,\dots, x_N\in\mathbb{R}\); \(j= 1,\dots, N\) be solitons. Then there exists a solution \(u\in C([T_0,\infty], H^1)\) such that \[ \| u(t)- U(t) V-\sum R_j(t)\|_{H^1}\to 0\quad\text{as }t\to\infty \] for a KdV linear term \(v= U(t)V\), solution of \(v_t+ v_{xxx}= 0\).