Flops and Poisson deformations of symplectic varieties (Q935904)

The author considers so-called convex symplectic varieties \(X\), i.e. normal complex varieties \(X\) which are birationally equivalent to an affine normal variety \(Y\) and are moreover local symplectic in the sense that there is a nowhere degenerated closed \(2\)-form \(\omega\) on \(U:=X\setminus \text{Sing } X\) with the property that for any resolution \(\pi: \tilde{X}\rightarrow X\) with \(U\cong\pi^{-1}(U)\), \(\omega\) extends to a regular \(2\)-form on \(\tilde{X}\). The symplectic \(2\)-form \(\omega\) induces a Poisson structure on \(X\) and the author studies Poisson deformations of \(X\), namely deformations of \(X\) together with deformations of this Poisson structure. The author also studies twistor deformations \(\{X_n\}_{n\in\mathbb N}\) of \(X\) which are associated to holomorphic line bundles on \(X\), cf. \textit{D. Kaledin} [Symplectic resolutions: deformations and birational maps, \url{arXiv:math/0012008}]. The main results are as follows: Assume that \(X\) is a convex symplectic variety with only terminal singularities. Then the twistor deformation of \(X\) associated with a holomorphic line bundle is locally trivial as a flat deformation (after forgetting the Poisson structure). If moreover \(X\) is \(\mathbb Q\)-factorial as a complex space, then any Poisson deformation of \(X\) is locally trivial as a flat deformation. There are the following consequences of these results: Let \(X,X'\) be convex symplectic varieties, \(\mathbb Q\)-factorial and with only terminal singularities, \(Y\) an affine symplectic variety and \(f:X\rightarrow Y\), \(f':X'\rightarrow Y\) crepant, birational, projective morphisms. Then \(X\) is smooth if and only if \(X'\) is smooth. If moreover the Poisson structure of \(Y\) is positively weighted and \(Y\) admits a `good' \(\mathbb C^*\)-action, then \(X\) and \(X'\) have the same kind of singularities. Poisson deformations can be controlled by the Poisson cohomology. The author gives an introduction into the Poisson cohomology of a Poisson algebra on the base of the work of \textit{B. Freese} [Ann. Math. Blaise Pascal 13, No. 2, 237--312 (2006; Zbl 1141.55006)]. If \(X\) is a smooth convex symplectic variety the Poisson cohomology can be identified with the truncated de Rham cohomology, and the Poisson deformations of a convex symplectic variety \(X\) with only terminal singularities are the same as the Poisson deformations of the regular locus \(U\) of \(X\) and can therefore be controlled by this cohomology. The author gives an example of a Poisson deformation and of a singular symplectic flop. Good \(\mathbb C^*\)-actions are defined and discussed in the appendix.