Weak type (1,1) bounds for rough operators (Q1116442)

Let B be a Banach space of functions on \({\mathbb{R}}^ n\). Let T be a (possibly nonlinear) operator mapping B to functions on \({\mathbb{R}}^ n\). We say that ``T maps B to weak \(L^ 1\)'' if there is a constant C such that for all \(f\in B\) and all \(\alpha >0\), \(meas\{x\in {\mathbb{R}}^ n:\quad | Tf(x)| >\alpha \}\leq C\| f\|_ 1\alpha^{-1}.\) When \(B=L^ 1({\mathbb{R}}^ n)\) we say that ``T is of weak type (1,1)''. Four kinds of operators are considered in this paper: (1) T is the Bochner-Riesz mean over \({\mathbb{R}}^ n\), characterized by \[ (Tf){\hat{\;}}(\xi)=f(\xi)(1-| \xi |^ 2)_+^{(n-1)/2}. \] Then T is of weak type (1,1). (2) If \(\Omega\geq 0\) is defined on \(S^ 1\subset {\mathbb{R}}^ n\), let \[ M_{\Omega}f(x)=\sup_{r>0}\int_{| y| <1, y\in {\mathbb{R}}^ 2}| f(x-r^{-1}y)| \Omega (y/| y|)dy. \] If \(\Omega \in L^ q(S^ 1)\), then \(M_{\Omega}\) is of weak type (1,1). (3) Let \(\phi\) be a Schwartz function on the real line; in \({\mathbb{R}}^ 2\) set \[ Mf(x)=\sup_{r>0}| \int f(x_ 1-t,x_ 2-t^ 2)\phi (r^{- 1}t)r^{-1} dt|. \] Let \(H^ 1\) be the ``parabolic real-variable Hardy space'' [\textit{A. P. Calderón} and \textit{A. Torchinsky}, Adv. Math. 16, 1-64 (1975; Zbl 0315.46037)]. Then M maps \(H^ 1\) to weak \(L^ 1.\) (4) Let \(\sigma\) denote surface measure on \(S^{n-1}\subset {\mathbb{R}}^ n\). Define \[ Uf=\sup_{j\in Z}| \int f(x-2^{-j}y)d\sigma (y)|. \] Then U maps \(H^ 1\) to weak \(L^ 1\), if \(n>1\).