On relative canonical sheaves of arithmetic surfaces (Q1358314)

Let \(B = \text{Spec} {\mathfrak O}_K,\) where \({\mathfrak O}_K\) is the ring of integers of a number field \(K\). Let \(f :X \rightarrow B\) be a regular arithmetic surface of genus \(g\geq 2\) over \(B\). In this paper the author studies the relative canonical invertible sheaf \(K_{X/B}\) on \(X\). The main results: (1) \(K_{X/B}^2 \geq 0\). If \(X\) is not smooth, then \(K_{X/B}^2 > 0\). (2) For any effective Arakelov divisor \(D\), one has \(K_{X/B} D \geq K_{X/B}^2\deg(D) / 4g(g-1)\). The idea of the proof is to reduce the problem to the case of semistable arithmetic surfaces and to use the results of Faltings and Zhang [\textit{G. Faltings}, Ann. Math., II. Ser. 119, 387-424 (1984; Zbl 0559.14005)] in the semistable case. The crucial step is the following generalisation of Xiao's theorem for function fields of characteristic zero. Theorem. Let \(h\) be the base extension of \(X/B\) of degree \(d\) and \({\widetilde X}/{\widetilde B} \) the induced arithmetic surface. Then one has (1) \(K_{{\widetilde X}/{\widetilde B}}^2 \leq d K_{X/B}^2\). A necessary and sufficient condition for equality of the two sides is also given. (2) \(\deg {\widetilde f}_* K_{{\widetilde X}/{\widetilde B}} \leq d\deg f_* K_{X/B}\) for any metric on \(K_{X/B}\).