On the integrable geometry of soliton equations and \(N=2\) supersymmetric gauge theories (Q1364627)

In this beautiful paper the authors describe a construction of the symplectic forms which arise in the solution of both \(N=2\) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories and soliton equations. The moduli space of vacua is identified with a moduli space of certain compact Riemann surfaces, and the authors construct general algebraic geometric symplectic forms defined on phase spaces of Jacobian-type bundles \(\mathcal N\) over the leaves \(\mathcal M\) of a foliation on a universal configuration space. This last configuration space is the fundamental ingredient of their approach and it is defined as the moduli space of ``all'' algebraic curves with a fixed pair of abelian integrals. They define algebraic geometric symplectic forms \(\omega_{\mathcal M}\) on the leaves of the phase space \(\mathcal N\) and each leaf imbedded in a corresponding space of functions as a moduli space of algebraic geometric solutions to the soliton equation with the help of suitably defined Baker-Akhiezer functions. This symplectic form \(\omega_{\mathcal M}\) is identified with the restriction to \(\mathcal N\) of a symplectic form defined on the space of functions. In turn, the last symplectic form provides new symplectic structures for many 1D models and a whole variety of 2D integrable models for which no symplectic form had been available so far. The authors give explicit (in turn very simple) expressions for the symplectic forms of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, the Boussinesq equation, the 2D Toda lattice, matrix equations and the elliptic Calogero-Moser system.