Convergence of Kähler-Einstein orbifolds (Q1431380)

A complex orbifold is a complex manifold \(M\) of dimension \(n\) whose singularities are locally isomorphic to quotient singularities \(\mathbb{C}^n/G\) for finite subgroups \(G\subset\text{GL}(n, \mathbb{C})\). A Kähler metric \(g\) on \(M\) is Kähler in the usual sense on the nonsingular part of \(M\) and whenever \(M\) is locally isomorphic to \(\mathbb{C}^n/G\), \(g\) is identified with the quotient of a \(G\)-invariant Kähler metric defined near \(0\) in \(\mathbb{C}^n\). By \(\{(M_i, g_i)\}\) the author denotes a sequence of two-dimensional Kähler-Einstein orbifolds with positive first Chern class and with rational singularities. For two arbitrary constants \(C_1\), \(C_2\) the following set is defined: \[ {\mathcal A}(C_1, C_2)= \{(M,g)\text{ orbifold as above}\mid C_1\leq\text{Vol}_gM, |\chi(M)|\leq C_2\}. \] It is said that a sequence of Kähler-Einstein orbifolds \(\{(M_i,g_i)\}\) converges to a Kähler-Einstein orbifold \((M_\infty, g_\infty)\) if the sequence converges in the Hausdorff topology to a connected Einstein orbifold \(M_\infty\) and if the following is true: Let \(\{p_i\}_{1\leq i\leq N}\) be the singular points of \(M_\infty\). If \(G_\infty= M_\infty\setminus\bigcup\{p_i\}\), then \(G_\infty\) has a \(C^\infty\) Einstein metric \(g_\infty\) and there are \(C^\infty\) embeddings \(F_i: G_\infty\to M_i\) for \(i\) sufficiently large such that on every compact set \(K\) of \(G_\infty\): 1. \(F^*_i g_i\) converge to \(g_\infty\) uniformly on \(K\). 2. \((F^{-1}_i)^*\circ J_i\circ F_{i^*}\) converge to \(J_\infty\) uniformly on \(K\), where \(J_i\), \(J_\infty\) are the almost complex structures of \(M_i\), \(M_\infty\), respectively. Moreover, each singular point \(p_i\) has a neighborhood which is homeomorphic to a cone on a spherical space form \(C(S^{n-1}/\Gamma)\). If the metric \(g_\infty\) is lifted to \(B^n\setminus 0\) via \(\Gamma\), then there is a \(\Gamma\)-equivariant diffeomorphism \(\phi: B^n\setminus 0\to B^n\setminus 0\) such that \(\phi^* g_\infty\) extends smoothly over \(0\) to a smooth Einstein metric on \(B^n\). The main result of the paper is the following theorem 1.4: Let \(\{(M_i, g_i)\}\) be the sequence of compact two-dimensional Kähler-Einstein orbifolds in \({\mathcal A}(C_1, C_2)\). Then, by taking a subsequence if necessary, \((M_i, g_i)\) converges to a Kähler-Einstein orbifold \((M_\infty, g_\infty)\) with a finite set of singular points. This theorem is a generalization of a theorem given by \textit{G. Tian} [Invent. Math. 101, No. 1, 101--172 (1990; Zbl 0716.32019)]. The author gives some application of his theorem to the convergence of a sequence of global holomorphic sections of plurianticanonical bundles \(H^0(M_i, K^{-m}_{M_i})\) to a global holomorphic section of \(K^{-m}_{M_\infty}\).