On projection constant problems and the existence of metric projections in normed spaces. (Q1599216)

Let \(C\) be a nonempty closed subset of a normed space \(X\). If for every \(x\in X\) there is a unique \(b(x,C)\) in \(C\), called the best approximation of \(x\) from \(C\), such that \[ \| x-b(x,C)\| =\text{dist}(x,C)=\inf\{\| x-y\| :y\in C\}, \] then the mapping \(b(\cdot,C):X\to C\) is said to be a metric projection onto \(C\). In this paper the author gives sufficient conditions for the existence of a metric projection onto closed convex subsets of normed linear spaces and they find a general formula for the projections onto maximal proper subspaces of the classical Banach spaces \(\ell_p\), \(1\leq p<\infty\) and \(c_0\). Also they give necessary and sufficient conditions for an infinite matrix to represent a projection operator from \(\ell_p\), \(1\leq p<\infty\) or \(c_0\) onto anyone of their maximal proper subspaces.