Uniform boundedness and convergence of solutions to the systems with a single nonzero cross-diffusion (Q1874571)

Consider the system of quasilinear parabolic partial differential equations \[ \begin{aligned} u_t &= (d_1u + \alpha_{11}u^2 + \alpha_{12}uv)_{xx} + u(a_1-b_1u-c_1v) \\ v_t &= (d_2v + \alpha_{22}v^2 + \alpha_{21}uv)_{xx} + v(a_2-b_2u-c_2v) \end{aligned} \] for \(0 < x < 1, 0 < t\), which has been proposed as a model for spatial segregation of competing and diffusing species. The author studies this problem together with zero Neumann boundary conditions and non-negative initial conditions for the unknown functions \(u\) and \(v\) in the case where \(\alpha_{21} = 0\) and the condition holds \(c_1/c_2 < a_1/a_2 < b_1/b_2\), resulting in a stable equilibrium at \(\bar u > 0, \bar v > 0\) for the corresponding system of ordinary differential equations. The author proves a global existence result and global bounds for the Sobolev norms \(\|u(\cdot,t)\|_{1,2}\) and \(\|v(\cdot,t)\|_{2,2}\) in the three cases (i) \(\alpha_{11} > \); (ii) \(\alpha_{12} = 0\); (iii) \(\alpha_{11} = 0\) and \(\alpha_{12}^2\) is small relative to \(d_1 d_2\). If specifically \(b_2 \alpha_{12}^2\bar u \|v(\cdot,0)\|_\infty^2 < 4c_1 \bar v d_1 d_2\), then it is also shown that \((\bar u, \bar v)\) is globally asymptotically stable. The proofs use combinations of a priori estimates and calculus inequalities to establish global bounds and the well-known Lyapunov functional \(H(u,v) = \int_0^1 \left( b_2\varphi(u(x),\bar u) + c_1 \varphi (v(x),\bar v) \right) dx\), where \(\varphi(s,t) = s - t - t (\log s - \log t)\).