On Galois groups and their maximal 2-subgroups (Q1912779)

Consider the central embedding problem \[ 1 \to \{\pm 1\} \to {\mathfrak g} \to {\mathfrak H} = \text{Gal} \bigl( L_1/ \mathbb{Q} (T) \bigr) \to 1. \tag{*} \] For convenience, let us call this a regular embedding problem if \(L_1/ \mathbb{Q}(T)\) is a regular extension and if we are interested only in solutions which are regular extensions of \(\mathbb{Q} (T)\). The author studies the following situation: if \({\mathfrak g}\) is a 2-group, let \(G\) be a maximal subgroup containing \(-1\), otherwise let \(G\) be a 2-Sylow subgroup of \({\mathfrak g}\). Let \(H = G/ \{\pm 1\}\) and \(L\) the subfield of \(L_1\) fixed by \(H\). Suppose that the (ordinary) embedding problem \[ 1 \to \{\pm 1\} \to G \to H = \text{Gal} (L_1/L) \to 1 \] admits a solution \(L_2\). Then 1) if \({\mathfrak g}\) is not a 2-group, the regular embedding problem \((*)\) admits a solution \(L_2'\) which can be described explicitly in terms of \(L_2\); 2) if \({\mathfrak g}\) is a 2-group, there exists an element \(a\) of \(\mathbb{Q} (T)\), given explicitly in terms of \(L_2\), such that the regular embedding problem \((*)\) admits a solution if and only if the cyclic algebra \((L/ \mathbb{Q} (T),a)\) splits. As an application, the author constructs explicitly several 2-groups as Galois groups of regular extensions of \(\mathbb{Q} (T)\).