Null curves in \({\mathbb{C}^3}\) and Calabi-Yau conjectures (Q1938065)

A ``null curve'' in \(\mathbb C^3\) is a holomorphic immersion \(F = (F_1, F_2, F_3): N \to \mathbb C^3\) of an open Riemann surface into \(\mathbb C^3\) with the complex bilinear form \((dF_1)^2 + (dF_2)^2 + (dF_3)^2\) equal to \(0\) at all points. The problem of the existence of complete proper null curves in convex domains of \(\mathbb C^3\) is usually called the ``Calabi-Yau problem for null curves''. The interest for such a problem is motivated also by the fact that its solution is a key ingredient for solving many other kinds of Calabi-Yau problems. The main result of this paper is an existence theorem for complete null curves that directly implies the following corollary: Given an open orientable surface \(M\), for any choice of a convex domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb C^3\) (possibly \(\Omega= \mathbb C^3\)), there exists a proper complete null curve \(F: N \longrightarrow \Omega\), defined on a Riemann surface \(N\) that is homeomorphic to \(M\). The result has several other corollaries. In particular, for any open orientable surface \(M\), the authors obtain the following: a) there exists a complete bounded null curve \(F: N \to \text{SL}_2(\mathbb C)\) of a Riemann surface \(N\), homeomorphic to \(M\), into \( \text{SL}_2(\mathbb C)\); b) for any convex domain \(\Omega' \) in \( \mathbb C^2\), there exists a complete proper holomorphic immersion \(F: N \to \Omega'\) of a Riemann surface \(N\), homeomorphic to \(M\), into \(\Omega'\); c) there exists a complete CMC-1 immersion \(X: M \to \mathbb H^3\) of \(M\) into the hyperbolic 3-dimensional space \(\mathbb H^3\); d) for any convex domain \(\Omega'' \) in \( \mathbb R^3\), there exists a complete proper minimal immersion of \(M\) into \(\Omega''\) with vanishing flux; in case \(\Omega''\) is a cylinder over a domain \(D \subset \mathbb R^2\), the immersion can be chosen so that the projection onto \(D\) is a proper map.