Proof of the symmetry of the off-diagonal heat-kernel and Hadamard's expansion coefficients in general \(C^\infty\) Riemannian manifolds (Q1969055)

The author proves rigorously that on a \(C^{\infty}\) Riemannian manifold the off-diagonal coefficients of the heat kernel, and the coefficients associated with the short-distance-divergent part of the Hadamard expansion, are symmetric. More precisely, each point (away from the boundary) of a \(C^{\infty}\) Riemannian manifold \(M\) is contained in a totally normal, geodesically convex neighborhood on which the off-diagonal coefficients of the kernel of the operator \( - \Delta + V: C_{0}^{\infty} \rightarrow L^{2}(M)\), \(V\) a real function, and the coefficients corresponding to the short-distance-divergent part of the Hadamard expansion, are symmetric in their arguments. The proof proceeds by first demonstrating the result for real analytic manifolds, and then approximating \(C^{\infty}\) manifolds by analytic ones in a relevant way.