Semiclassical hypoelliptic estimates with a loss of many derivatives (Q2256080)

The authors study a semiclassical pseudodifferential operator (\(\psi\)do) defined by the semiclassical Weyl quantization of a symbol \(p(x,\xi;h)\) admitting a semiclassical asymptotic expansion in the symbol class \(S(1)/S(m)\) as defined in the book by \textit{M. Dimassi} and \textit{J. Sjöstrand} [Spectral asymptotics in the semi-classical limit. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series. 268. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. xi, 227 p. (1999; Zbl 0926.35002)]. The real part of the principal symbol \(\text{Re\,}p_0\geq 0\) and is elliptic at infinity, \((\text{Re\,}p_0)^{-1}(0)= 0\) and \(p_0(0)=\nabla p_0(0)= 0\). Thus, \(p_0(Y)= q(Y)+ O(Y^3)\), \(Y\to 0\). Moreover, it is assumed that the quadratic form \(q\) is elliptic. Let \(K\subset\mathbb{C}^1\) be a compact set and let \(N_0\geq 1\) be an integer. The spectral parameter \(z(h)\) is supposed to have the semi-classical expansion \[ z(h)= \sum^{2N_0+2}_{k=0} z_k h^{k/2} \] with \(z_k\in K\) and appropriate leading term \(z_0\). Assume that \(\Omega\) is a compact subset of \(K^{2N_0+2}\). Then, an algebraic necessary and sufficient condition is found for the validity of the following a priori estimate in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\): \[ \| Pu- hz(h)u\|_{L^2}\geq c_0h^{{N_0\over 2}+1}\| u\|_{L^2} \] (i.e., \(\exists c_0> 0\), \(\exists 0<h_0\leq 1\), \(\forall h\in (0,h_0]\), \(\forall(z_1,\dots, z_{2n_0+2})\in\Omega\), \(\forall u\in L^2)\). This main result is illustrated by several examples, say for \(N_0= 1\) and others.