An unusual series of autonomous discrete integrable equations on a square lattice (Q2281377)

The main aim of this paper is to present an infinite series of autonomous discrete equations on a square lattice with hierarchies of autonomous generalized symmetries and conservation laws in both directions. Their orders in both directions are equal to \(\kappa N\), where \(\kappa\) is an arbitrary natural number and \(N\) is the equation number in the series. Such a structure of hierarchies is new for discrete equations in the case \(N > 2\). The symmetries and conservation laws are constructed using the master symmetries, which are found directly together with generalized symmetries. Such a construction scheme is apparently new in the case of conservation laws. Another new point is that in one of the directions, they introduce the master symmetry time into the coefficients of the discrete equations. In the most interesting case \(N = 2\), the authors show that a second-order generalized symmetry is closely related to a relativistic Toda-type integrable equation. This property seems very rare in the case of autonomous discrete equations. The authors construct a family of autonomous integrable generalizations of the equation \[ (u_{n,m+1} + 1)(u_{n,m} - 1) = (u_{n+1,m+1} - 1)(u_{n+1,m} + 1). \] They show that all the involved equations of the family have autonomous L-A pairs, generalized symmetries, and conservations laws. In particular, the constructed family provides examples of autonomous discrete equations such that the minimum possible orders of their autonomous generalized symmetries in any direction can be arbitrarily high.