Perfect amalgamation bases (Q1175717)

The free product of the amalgam \([U;S_ i: i\in I]\) of semigroups is denoted by \(\prod^*_ US_ i\). A semigroup \(U\) is a perfect amalgamation base if 1) \(U\) is an amalgamation base and 2) whenever \([U;T_ i]\) is an amalgam of submonoids of \([U;S_ i]\) then \(\prod^*_ UT_ i\hookrightarrow \prod^*_ US_ i\) is one to one. If \(U\) is a submonoid of a monoid \(S\), then \(U\) is said to be left perfect in a monoid \(S\) if 1) the inclusion \(U\rightarrow S\) is a right pure \(U\)-monomorphism (i.e. for every left \(U\)-set \(X\), the induced map \(f\otimes 1: U\otimes X\rightarrow S\otimes X\) is one to one) and 2) \(S\) is right flat as a \(U\)-set (i.e. the functor \(S_ u\otimes-\) preserves monomorphisms). If a monoid \(U\) is left and right perfect in every containing monoid then \(U\) is absolutely perfect. It is proved that a monoid \(U\) is a perfect amalgamation base if and only if \(U\) is absolutely perfect (or, equivalently, absolutely flat).