Hausdorff dimension of weighted singular vectors in \(\mathbb R^2\) (Q2302849)

It is considered \(\omega\)-singular and singular vectors in \(\mathbb R^2\). The main result of the present article is to prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the set \(\mathrm{Sing}(\omega)\) of \(\omega\)-singular vectors in \(\mathbb R^2\) equals \(2-\frac{1}{1+\omega_1}\), where \(\omega=(\omega_1,\omega_2)\) is a pair of positive real numbers such that \(\omega_2\le\omega_1\) and \(\omega_1+\omega_2=1\). The set of vectors (in \(\mathbb R^2\)) for which the \(\omega\)-weighted Dirichlet theorem is \(\varepsilon\)-improvable, is considered by the authors. The Hausdorff dimension of this set is estimated. Also, the attention is given to a fact established by \textit{S. G. Dani} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 359, 55--89 (1985; Zbl 0578.22012)] that \(\omega\)-singular vectors correspond to certain divergent trajectories in the space \(\mathcal{L}_3\) of unimodular lattices in \(\mathbb R^3\) with respect to a certain one-parameter semigroup \(\mathcal{A}^{+}\). The divergent trajectories of \(\mathcal{A}^{+}\) in \(\mathcal{L}_3\) are discussed and the Hausdorff dimensions of the set \[ \mathcal{D}(\mathcal{A}^{+}, \mathcal{L}_3)=\{\Lambda\in\mathcal{L}_3 :\mathcal{A}^{+}\Lambda ~\text{is divergent}\} \] is estimated. The notion of a rooted tree is noted and used for the description of a fractal structure. A lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of a fractal set from this structure is estimated. Relations between theorems for the lower and upper bounds of \(\dim_H \mathrm{Sing}(\omega)\) are given schematically. The upper bound estimate theorem is proved for a fractal set given by certain relations. The section ``Counting lattice points in convex sets'' has a technical character and contains mostly auxiliary results. The main attention is given to some tools for counting lattice points in a convex subset of space \(\mathbb R^d\). The section ``Lower bound'' is devoted to constructing a fractal subset of \(\mathrm{Sing}(\omega)\) for which the Hausdorff dimension is equal to the Hausdorff dimension of \(\mathrm{Sing}(\omega)\). In the section ``Best approximation and upper bound'', a statement on the upper bound of the Hausdorff dimension of \(\mathrm{Sing}(\omega)\) is proved and also some auxiliary self-affine structure is constructed and used. The authors explain techniques used for proving the main statements. Some explanations are given by figures. Several corollaries following from the main statements and many auxiliary statements are proved.