Global in time solvability of the Navier-Stokes equations in the half-space (Q2420549)

The authors prove a global-in-time existence result for the non-stationary Navier-Stokes problem \(u_{t}-\Delta u+\nabla p=\operatorname{div}\ (u\otimes u)\), \( \operatorname{div}\ u=0\) posed in \(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}\times (0,\infty )\). The initial condition \(u\mid _{t=0}=h\) is given in the homogeneous Besov space \(\overset{ .}{B}_{pq,0}^{\alpha -\frac{2}{q}}(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n})\) with \(\operatorname{div}\ h=0\) and the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions \(u\mid _{\tau =0}=0\) are imposed. The first main result of the paper proves that if \(0<\alpha <2\), \( 1<p,q<\infty \), with \(\alpha +1=\frac{n}{p}+\frac{2}{q}\) and \(\frac{2}{q}<1+ \frac{n}{p}\), there exist \(\epsilon _{\ast }>0\) and \(p<p_{0}<\infty\), \(q<q_{0}<\infty \) with \(\frac{n}{p_{0}}+\frac{2}{q_{0}}=1\) so that \( \left\Vert h\right\Vert _{\overset{.}{B}_{pq,0}^{\alpha -\frac{2}{q}}( \mathbb{R}_{+}^{n})}<\epsilon _{\ast }\) the above Navier-Stokes problem has a solution \(u\in L^{q}(0,\infty ,\overset{.}{B}_{pq}^{\alpha }(\mathbb{R} _{+}^{n}))\cap L^{q_{0}}(0,\infty ,L^{p_{0}}(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}))\) which is unique in \(L^{q_{0}}(0,\infty ,L^{p_{0}}(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}))\). The second main result deals with a decomposition property of the pressure \(p\). Under the same hypotheses on \(p,q,\alpha \) and \(h\), there exist \(p_{1},q_{1},\beta \) with \(1<p_{1}<p\), \(1<q_{1}<q\), \(0<\beta <\alpha <\beta +1<2\), so that \( \alpha >\frac{1}{p}\) such that the pressure \(p\) can be decomposed as \( p=P_{0}+\sum_{j=1}^{n-1}D_{x_{j}}P_{j}+D_{t}p_{1}\) for some \(p_{1}\in L^{q}(0,\infty ,\overset{.}{B}_{pq}^{\alpha +1}(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}))\), \( P_{j}\in L^{q}(0,\infty ,\overset{.}{B}_{pq}^{\alpha }(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}))\) and \(P_{0}\in L^{q_{1}}(0,\infty ,\overset{.}{B}_{p_{1}q}^{\beta }(\mathbb{R} _{+}^{n}))\). The authors introduce the non-stationary Stokes problem \( u_{t}-\Delta u+\nabla p=f\), \(\operatorname{div}\ u=0\) posed in \(\mathbb{R} _{+}^{n}\times (0,\infty )\), with the same initial and boundary conditions. They here assume that \(f=\operatorname{div}\ \mathcal{F}\) with \(\mathcal{F}\in L^{q_{1}}(0,\infty ,\overset{.}{B}_{p_{1}q}^{\beta }(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}))\) and they present a unique solvability result for this Stokes problem. The authors first recall properties of homogeneous Sobolev and Besov spaces in \( \mathbb{R}^{n}\) and the notions of weak solutions for the Stokes and Navier-Stokes problems in \(L^{q}(0,\infty ,\overset{.}{B}_{pq}^{\alpha }( \mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}))\) through variational formulations. They recall properties of the Newtonian potential associated to the Laplace equation in \( \mathbb{R}^{n}\), of the Gaussian kernel associated to the heat equation in \( \mathbb{R}^{n}\) and of the Helmholtz projection operator in the half-space \( \mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}\). The authors decompose the Stokes problem in two problems: \(v_{t}-\Delta v+\nabla \pi =0\), \(\operatorname{div}\ v=0\) in \(\mathbb{R} _{+}^{n}\times (0,\infty )\), with the initial condition \(v\mid _{t=0}=0\) and the boundary condition \(v\mid _{x_{n}=0}=0\) and \(V_{t}-\Delta V+\nabla \Pi =\operatorname{div}\ \mathcal{F}\), \(\operatorname{div}\ V=0\) in \(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}\times (0,\infty )\), with the initial condition \(V\mid _{t=0}=0\) and the boundary condition \(V\mid _{x_{n}=0}=0\). They prove estimates on \((v,\pi )\) and \( (V,\Pi )\) and decompositions of \(\pi \) and \(\Pi \) using representations of \(v \), \(\pi \), \(V\) and \(\Pi \), and the properties of the above-indicated kernel and potential. In the case of the Navier-Stokes problem, the authors build approximate solutions and they prove a uniform convergence result in \( L^{q}(0,\infty ,\overset{.}{B}_{pq}^{\alpha }(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}))\).