Resonance tongues in the quasi-periodic Hill-Schrödinger equation with three frequencies (Q2430536)

The authors present a numerical study of the quasi-periodic Hill-Schrödinger equation \(x''+(a+b\big[\cos t+\cos(\sqrt{2}t)+\cos(\sqrt{3}t)\big])x=0\) for large values of \(b\). One of the purposes of the present paper is to extend the study of the equation with two rationally independent frequencies \(x''+(a+b\big[\cos t+\cos(\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}t)\big])x=0\) done in [\textit{H. Broer} and \textit{C. Simó}, Bol. Soc. Bras. Mat., Nova Sér. 29, No. 2, 253--293 (1998; Zbl 0917.34019)]. The authors perform numerical computations for the rotation number and the Lyapunov exponent with the aim of detecting open and collapsed gaps and resonance tongues. They conclude that the case with three frequencies is `` very different not only from the periodic analogs, but also from the case of two frequencies''.