On the differential structure of the ring of quasi-modular forms for \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)\) (Q2433589)

In 1996 \textit{Yu. V. Nesterenko} [Sb. Math. 187, No. 9, 1319--1348 (1996), translation from Mat. Sb. 187, No. 9, 65--96 (1996; Zbl 0898.11031)] proved that for any \(q\in\mathbb C\) with \(0<| q| <1\), the field \(\mathbb Q(q,E_{2}(q),E_{4}(q),E_{6}(q))\) has transcendence degree \(\geq 3\) over \(\mathbb Q\). Here \(E_{2}\), \(E_{4}\) and \(E_{6}\) are the Fourier expansions of the Eisenstein series of weights \(2\), \(4\) and \(6\) respectively. His proof used a new zero estimate of his own: if \(M\in\mathbb C[X_{0},X_{1},X_{2},X_{3}]\) is a non-zero polynomial of degree \(\leq N\), then the multiplicity at the origin of the analytic function \(F(z)=M(z,E_{2}(z),E_{4}(z),E_{6}(z))\) is \(\leq c N^{4}\), where \(c\) is an absolute constant [\textit{Yu. V. Nesterenko}, Algebraic independence for values of Ramanujan functions, in: Introduction to algebraic independence theory, Lect. Notes Math. 1752, 27--46 (2001; Zbl 0966.11032)]. One main step in the proof of this zero estimate is to investigate properties of the differential ring \(R_{1}=\mathbb C[z,E_{2}(z),E_{4}(z),E_{6}(z)]\) endowed with the derivation \(D=zd/dz\). A key result [\textit{Yu. V. Nesterenko}, Multiplicity estimates for solutions of algebraic differential equations, in: Introduction to algebraic independence theory, Lect. Notes Math. 1752, 149--165 (2001; Zbl 0966.11032)] is that a non-zero prime ideal \(\mathcal P\) in \(R_{1}\) which is stable for \(D\) satisfies \(z\Delta\in \mathcal P\), where \(\Delta=E_{4}^{3}-E_{6}^{2}\), provided that all \(F\in\mathcal P\) satisfy \(F(0)=0\). In the paper under review the author removes the assumption that all elements in \(\mathcal P\) vanish at the origin. His proof involves an algebraic method and yields more general results. In particular the previous result holds not only for \(R_{1}\) but also for the differential ring \(R_{2}=R_{1}[\log z]\).